Volcanic ash layers illuminate the resilience of Neanderthals and early modern humans to natural hazards
Identifieur interne : 000031 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000030; suivant : 000032Volcanic ash layers illuminate the resilience of Neanderthals and early modern humans to natural hazards
Auteurs : John Lowe [Royaume-Uni] ; Nick Barton [Royaume-Uni] ; Simon Blockley [Royaume-Uni] ; Christopher Bronk Ramsey [Royaume-Uni] ; Victoria L. Cullen [Royaume-Uni] ; William Davies [Royaume-Uni] ; Clive Gamble [Royaume-Uni] ; Katharine Grant [Royaume-Uni] ; Mark Hardiman [Royaume-Uni] ; Rupert Housley [Royaume-Uni] ; Christine S. Lane [Royaume-Uni] ; Sharen Lee [Royaume-Uni] ; Mark Lewis [Royaume-Uni] ; Alison Macleod [Royaume-Uni] ; Martin Menzies [Royaume-Uni] ; Wolfgang Müller [Royaume-Uni] ; Mark Pollard [Royaume-Uni] ; Catherine Price [Royaume-Uni] ; Andrew P. Roberts [Australie] ; Eelco J. Rohling [Royaume-Uni] ; Chris Satow [Royaume-Uni] ; Victoria C. Smith [Royaume-Uni] ; Chris B. Stringer [Royaume-Uni] ; Emma L. Tomlinson [Royaume-Uni] ; Dustin White [Royaume-Uni] ; Paul Albert [Royaume-Uni] ; Ilenia Arienzo [Italie] ; Graeme Barker [Royaume-Uni] ; Dušan Bori [Royaume-Uni] ; Antonio Carandente [Italie] ; Lucia Civetta [Italie] ; Catherine Ferrier [France] ; Jean-Luc Guadelli [France] ; Panagiotis Karkanas [Grèce] ; Margarita Koumouzelis [Grèce] ; Ulrich C. Müller [Allemagne] ; Giovanni Orsi [Italie] ; Jörg Pross [Allemagne] ; Mauro Rosi [Italie] ; Ljiljiana Shalamanov-Korobar ; Nikolay Sirakov [Bulgarie] ; Polychronis C. Tzedakis [Royaume-Uni]Source :
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America [ 0027-8424 ] ; 2012.
Abstract
Marked changes in human dispersal and development during the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition have been attributed to massive volcanic eruption and/or severe climatic deterioration. We test this concept using records of volcanic ash layers of the Campanian Ignimbrite eruption dated to
Url:
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1204579109
PubMed: 22826222
PubMed Central: 3427068
Affiliations:
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Volcanic ash layers illuminate the resilience of Neanderthals and early modern humans to natural hazards</title><author><name sortKey="Lowe, John" sort="Lowe, John" uniqKey="Lowe J" first="John" last="Lowe">John Lowe</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Geography,<institution>Royal Holloway University of London</institution>, Surrey TW20 0EX,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barton, Nick" sort="Barton, Nick" uniqKey="Barton N" first="Nick" last="Barton">Nick Barton</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Institute of Archaeology,<institution>Oxford University</institution>, Oxford OX1 2PG,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Blockley, Simon" sort="Blockley, Simon" uniqKey="Blockley S" first="Simon" last="Blockley">Simon Blockley</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Geography,<institution>Royal Holloway University of London</institution>, Surrey TW20 0EX,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ramsey, Christopher Bronk" sort="Ramsey, Christopher Bronk" uniqKey="Ramsey C" first="Christopher Bronk" last="Ramsey">Christopher Bronk Ramsey</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art,<institution>Oxford University</institution>, Oxford OX1 3QY,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cullen, Victoria L" sort="Cullen, Victoria L" uniqKey="Cullen V" first="Victoria L." last="Cullen">Victoria L. Cullen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art,<institution>Oxford University</institution>, Oxford OX1 3QY,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Davies, William" sort="Davies, William" uniqKey="Davies W" first="William" last="Davies">William Davies</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Archaeology Department,<institution>University of Southampton</institution>, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton SO17 1BF,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gamble, Clive" sort="Gamble, Clive" uniqKey="Gamble C" first="Clive" last="Gamble">Clive Gamble</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Archaeology Department,<institution>University of Southampton</institution>, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton SO17 1BF,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grant, Katharine" sort="Grant, Katharine" uniqKey="Grant K" first="Katharine" last="Grant">Katharine Grant</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5">School of Ocean and Earth Science,<institution>University of Southampton</institution>, Hampshire SO14 3ZH,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hardiman, Mark" sort="Hardiman, Mark" uniqKey="Hardiman M" first="Mark" last="Hardiman">Mark Hardiman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Geography,<institution>Royal Holloway University of London</institution>, Surrey TW20 0EX,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Housley, Rupert" sort="Housley, Rupert" uniqKey="Housley R" first="Rupert" last="Housley">Rupert Housley</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Geography,<institution>Royal Holloway University of London</institution>, Surrey TW20 0EX,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lane, Christine S" sort="Lane, Christine S" uniqKey="Lane C" first="Christine S." last="Lane">Christine S. Lane</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art,<institution>Oxford University</institution>, Oxford OX1 3QY,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Sharen" sort="Lee, Sharen" uniqKey="Lee S" first="Sharen" last="Lee">Sharen Lee</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art,<institution>Oxford University</institution>, Oxford OX1 3QY,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lewis, Mark" sort="Lewis, Mark" uniqKey="Lewis M" first="Mark" last="Lewis">Mark Lewis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6">Palaeontology Department,<institution>Natural History Museum</institution>, London SW7 5BD,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Macleod, Alison" sort="Macleod, Alison" uniqKey="Macleod A" first="Alison" last="Macleod">Alison Macleod</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Geography,<institution>Royal Holloway University of London</institution>, Surrey TW20 0EX,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Menzies, Martin" sort="Menzies, Martin" uniqKey="Menzies M" first="Martin" last="Menzies">Martin Menzies</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff7">Department of Earth Sciences,<institution>Royal Holloway University of London</institution>, Surrey TW20 0EX,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muller, Wolfgang" sort="Muller, Wolfgang" uniqKey="Muller W" first="Wolfgang" last="Müller">Wolfgang Müller</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff7">Department of Earth Sciences,<institution>Royal Holloway University of London</institution>, Surrey TW20 0EX,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pollard, Mark" sort="Pollard, Mark" uniqKey="Pollard M" first="Mark" last="Pollard">Mark Pollard</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art,<institution>Oxford University</institution>, Oxford OX1 3QY,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Price, Catherine" sort="Price, Catherine" uniqKey="Price C" first="Catherine" last="Price">Catherine Price</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Institute of Archaeology,<institution>Oxford University</institution>, Oxford OX1 2PG,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roberts, Andrew P" sort="Roberts, Andrew P" uniqKey="Roberts A" first="Andrew P." last="Roberts">Andrew P. Roberts</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff8">Research School of Earth Sciences,<institution>Australian National University</institution>, Acton ACT 0200,<country>Australia</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rohling, Eelco J" sort="Rohling, Eelco J" uniqKey="Rohling E" first="Eelco J." last="Rohling">Eelco J. Rohling</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5">School of Ocean and Earth Science,<institution>University of Southampton</institution>, Hampshire SO14 3ZH,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Satow, Chris" sort="Satow, Chris" uniqKey="Satow C" first="Chris" last="Satow">Chris Satow</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Geography,<institution>Royal Holloway University of London</institution>, Surrey TW20 0EX,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Victoria C" sort="Smith, Victoria C" uniqKey="Smith V" first="Victoria C." last="Smith">Victoria C. Smith</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art,<institution>Oxford University</institution>, Oxford OX1 3QY,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stringer, Chris B" sort="Stringer, Chris B" uniqKey="Stringer C" first="Chris B." last="Stringer">Chris B. Stringer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6">Palaeontology Department,<institution>Natural History Museum</institution>, London SW7 5BD,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tomlinson, Emma L" sort="Tomlinson, Emma L" uniqKey="Tomlinson E" first="Emma L." last="Tomlinson">Emma L. Tomlinson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff7">Department of Earth Sciences,<institution>Royal Holloway University of London</institution>, Surrey TW20 0EX,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="White, Dustin" sort="White, Dustin" uniqKey="White D" first="Dustin" last="White">Dustin White</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Institute of Archaeology,<institution>Oxford University</institution>, Oxford OX1 2PG,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Archaeology Department,<institution>University of Southampton</institution>, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton SO17 1BF,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Albert, Paul" sort="Albert, Paul" uniqKey="Albert P" first="Paul" last="Albert">Paul Albert</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff7">Department of Earth Sciences,<institution>Royal Holloway University of London</institution>, Surrey TW20 0EX,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arienzo, Ilenia" sort="Arienzo, Ilenia" uniqKey="Arienzo I" first="Ilenia" last="Arienzo">Ilenia Arienzo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff9"><institution>Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Napoli</institution>, Osservatorio Vesuviano, 80124 Naples,<country>Italy</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barker, Graeme" sort="Barker, Graeme" uniqKey="Barker G" first="Graeme" last="Barker">Graeme Barker</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff10">McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research,<institution>University of Cambridge</institution>, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, Cambridge CB2 3ER,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bori, Dusan" sort="Bori, Dusan" uniqKey="Bori D" first="Dušan" last="Bori">Dušan Bori</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff11">Cardiff School of History, Ancient History, Archaeology and Religion,<institution>Cardiff University</institution>, Cardiff CF10 3EU,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carandente, Antonio" sort="Carandente, Antonio" uniqKey="Carandente A" first="Antonio" last="Carandente">Antonio Carandente</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff9"><institution>Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Napoli</institution>, Osservatorio Vesuviano, 80124 Naples,<country>Italy</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Civetta, Lucia" sort="Civetta, Lucia" uniqKey="Civetta L" first="Lucia" last="Civetta">Lucia Civetta</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff12">Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche,<institution>Università Federico II</institution>, 80126 Naples,<country>Italy</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferrier, Catherine" sort="Ferrier, Catherine" uniqKey="Ferrier C" first="Catherine" last="Ferrier">Catherine Ferrier</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff13">De la Préhistoire à l’Actuel: Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie, Préhistoire, Palèoenvironnement, Patrimonie, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5199 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique,<institution>Université Bordeaux 1</institution>, 33405 Talence Cedex,<country>France</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guadelli, Jean Luc" sort="Guadelli, Jean Luc" uniqKey="Guadelli J" first="Jean-Luc" last="Guadelli">Jean-Luc Guadelli</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff13">De la Préhistoire à l’Actuel: Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie, Préhistoire, Palèoenvironnement, Patrimonie, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5199 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique,<institution>Université Bordeaux 1</institution>, 33405 Talence Cedex,<country>France</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Karkanas, Panagiotis" sort="Karkanas, Panagiotis" uniqKey="Karkanas P" first="Panagiotis" last="Karkanas">Panagiotis Karkanas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff14"><institution>Ephoreia of Palaeoanthropology–Speleology of Southern Greece</institution>, 116 36 Athens,<country>Greece</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koumouzelis, Margarita" sort="Koumouzelis, Margarita" uniqKey="Koumouzelis M" first="Margarita" last="Koumouzelis">Margarita Koumouzelis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff14"><institution>Ephoreia of Palaeoanthropology–Speleology of Southern Greece</institution>, 116 36 Athens,<country>Greece</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muller, Ulrich C" sort="Muller, Ulrich C" uniqKey="Muller U" first="Ulrich C." last="Müller">Ulrich C. Müller</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff15">Institute of Geosciences,<institution>Goethe University Frankfurt</institution>, 60438 Frankfurt am Main,<country>Germany</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Orsi, Giovanni" sort="Orsi, Giovanni" uniqKey="Orsi G" first="Giovanni" last="Orsi">Giovanni Orsi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff9"><institution>Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Napoli</institution>, Osservatorio Vesuviano, 80124 Naples,<country>Italy</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pross, Jorg" sort="Pross, Jorg" uniqKey="Pross J" first="Jörg" last="Pross">Jörg Pross</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff15">Institute of Geosciences,<institution>Goethe University Frankfurt</institution>, 60438 Frankfurt am Main,<country>Germany</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rosi, Mauro" sort="Rosi, Mauro" uniqKey="Rosi M" first="Mauro" last="Rosi">Mauro Rosi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff16">Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra,<institution>Università di Pisa</institution>, 56126 Pisa,<country>Italy</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shalamanov Korobar, Ljiljiana" sort="Shalamanov Korobar, Ljiljiana" uniqKey="Shalamanov Korobar L" first="Ljiljiana" last="Shalamanov-Korobar">Ljiljiana Shalamanov-Korobar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff17"><institution>National Institution Museum of Macedonia</institution>, Skopje,<country>Republic of Macedonia</country>;</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="nlm country">Republic of Macedonia</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sirakov, Nikolay" sort="Sirakov, Nikolay" uniqKey="Sirakov N" first="Nikolay" last="Sirakov">Nikolay Sirakov</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff18"><institution>National Institute of Archaeology and Museum of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences</institution>, Prehistory, Sofia 1000,<country>Bulgaria</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Bulgarie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tzedakis, Polychronis C" sort="Tzedakis, Polychronis C" uniqKey="Tzedakis P" first="Polychronis C." last="Tzedakis">Polychronis C. Tzedakis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff19">Department of Geography,<institution>University College London</institution>, London WC1E 6BT,<country>United Kingdom</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">22826222</idno><idno type="pmc">3427068</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3427068</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3427068</idno><idno type="doi">10.1073/pnas.1204579109</idno><date when="2012">2012</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000011</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000011</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000011</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000011</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000018</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000018</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">000006</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">000006</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">000006</idno><idno type="wicri:doubleKey">0027-8424:2012:Lowe J:volcanic:ash:layers</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">000031</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000031</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000031</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Volcanic ash layers illuminate the resilience of Neanderthals and early modern humans to natural hazards</title><author><name sortKey="Lowe, John" sort="Lowe, John" uniqKey="Lowe J" first="John" last="Lowe">John Lowe</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Geography,<institution>Royal Holloway University of London</institution>, Surrey TW20 0EX,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barton, Nick" sort="Barton, Nick" uniqKey="Barton N" first="Nick" last="Barton">Nick Barton</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Institute of Archaeology,<institution>Oxford University</institution>, Oxford OX1 2PG,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Blockley, Simon" sort="Blockley, Simon" uniqKey="Blockley S" first="Simon" last="Blockley">Simon Blockley</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Geography,<institution>Royal Holloway University of London</institution>, Surrey TW20 0EX,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ramsey, Christopher Bronk" sort="Ramsey, Christopher Bronk" uniqKey="Ramsey C" first="Christopher Bronk" last="Ramsey">Christopher Bronk Ramsey</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art,<institution>Oxford University</institution>, Oxford OX1 3QY,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cullen, Victoria L" sort="Cullen, Victoria L" uniqKey="Cullen V" first="Victoria L." last="Cullen">Victoria L. Cullen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art,<institution>Oxford University</institution>, Oxford OX1 3QY,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Davies, William" sort="Davies, William" uniqKey="Davies W" first="William" last="Davies">William Davies</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Archaeology Department,<institution>University of Southampton</institution>, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton SO17 1BF,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gamble, Clive" sort="Gamble, Clive" uniqKey="Gamble C" first="Clive" last="Gamble">Clive Gamble</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Archaeology Department,<institution>University of Southampton</institution>, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton SO17 1BF,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Grant, Katharine" sort="Grant, Katharine" uniqKey="Grant K" first="Katharine" last="Grant">Katharine Grant</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5">School of Ocean and Earth Science,<institution>University of Southampton</institution>, Hampshire SO14 3ZH,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hardiman, Mark" sort="Hardiman, Mark" uniqKey="Hardiman M" first="Mark" last="Hardiman">Mark Hardiman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Geography,<institution>Royal Holloway University of London</institution>, Surrey TW20 0EX,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Housley, Rupert" sort="Housley, Rupert" uniqKey="Housley R" first="Rupert" last="Housley">Rupert Housley</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Geography,<institution>Royal Holloway University of London</institution>, Surrey TW20 0EX,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lane, Christine S" sort="Lane, Christine S" uniqKey="Lane C" first="Christine S." last="Lane">Christine S. Lane</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art,<institution>Oxford University</institution>, Oxford OX1 3QY,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Sharen" sort="Lee, Sharen" uniqKey="Lee S" first="Sharen" last="Lee">Sharen Lee</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art,<institution>Oxford University</institution>, Oxford OX1 3QY,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lewis, Mark" sort="Lewis, Mark" uniqKey="Lewis M" first="Mark" last="Lewis">Mark Lewis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6">Palaeontology Department,<institution>Natural History Museum</institution>, London SW7 5BD,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Macleod, Alison" sort="Macleod, Alison" uniqKey="Macleod A" first="Alison" last="Macleod">Alison Macleod</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Geography,<institution>Royal Holloway University of London</institution>, Surrey TW20 0EX,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Menzies, Martin" sort="Menzies, Martin" uniqKey="Menzies M" first="Martin" last="Menzies">Martin Menzies</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff7">Department of Earth Sciences,<institution>Royal Holloway University of London</institution>, Surrey TW20 0EX,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muller, Wolfgang" sort="Muller, Wolfgang" uniqKey="Muller W" first="Wolfgang" last="Müller">Wolfgang Müller</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff7">Department of Earth Sciences,<institution>Royal Holloway University of London</institution>, Surrey TW20 0EX,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pollard, Mark" sort="Pollard, Mark" uniqKey="Pollard M" first="Mark" last="Pollard">Mark Pollard</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art,<institution>Oxford University</institution>, Oxford OX1 3QY,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Price, Catherine" sort="Price, Catherine" uniqKey="Price C" first="Catherine" last="Price">Catherine Price</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Institute of Archaeology,<institution>Oxford University</institution>, Oxford OX1 2PG,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roberts, Andrew P" sort="Roberts, Andrew P" uniqKey="Roberts A" first="Andrew P." last="Roberts">Andrew P. Roberts</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff8">Research School of Earth Sciences,<institution>Australian National University</institution>, Acton ACT 0200,<country>Australia</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rohling, Eelco J" sort="Rohling, Eelco J" uniqKey="Rohling E" first="Eelco J." last="Rohling">Eelco J. Rohling</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5">School of Ocean and Earth Science,<institution>University of Southampton</institution>, Hampshire SO14 3ZH,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Satow, Chris" sort="Satow, Chris" uniqKey="Satow C" first="Chris" last="Satow">Chris Satow</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Geography,<institution>Royal Holloway University of London</institution>, Surrey TW20 0EX,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Victoria C" sort="Smith, Victoria C" uniqKey="Smith V" first="Victoria C." last="Smith">Victoria C. Smith</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art,<institution>Oxford University</institution>, Oxford OX1 3QY,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stringer, Chris B" sort="Stringer, Chris B" uniqKey="Stringer C" first="Chris B." last="Stringer">Chris B. Stringer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6">Palaeontology Department,<institution>Natural History Museum</institution>, London SW7 5BD,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tomlinson, Emma L" sort="Tomlinson, Emma L" uniqKey="Tomlinson E" first="Emma L." last="Tomlinson">Emma L. Tomlinson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff7">Department of Earth Sciences,<institution>Royal Holloway University of London</institution>, Surrey TW20 0EX,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="White, Dustin" sort="White, Dustin" uniqKey="White D" first="Dustin" last="White">Dustin White</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Institute of Archaeology,<institution>Oxford University</institution>, Oxford OX1 2PG,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Archaeology Department,<institution>University of Southampton</institution>, National Oceanography Centre, Southampton SO17 1BF,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Albert, Paul" sort="Albert, Paul" uniqKey="Albert P" first="Paul" last="Albert">Paul Albert</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff7">Department of Earth Sciences,<institution>Royal Holloway University of London</institution>, Surrey TW20 0EX,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arienzo, Ilenia" sort="Arienzo, Ilenia" uniqKey="Arienzo I" first="Ilenia" last="Arienzo">Ilenia Arienzo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff9"><institution>Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Napoli</institution>, Osservatorio Vesuviano, 80124 Naples,<country>Italy</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barker, Graeme" sort="Barker, Graeme" uniqKey="Barker G" first="Graeme" last="Barker">Graeme Barker</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff10">McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research,<institution>University of Cambridge</institution>, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, Cambridge CB2 3ER,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bori, Dusan" sort="Bori, Dusan" uniqKey="Bori D" first="Dušan" last="Bori">Dušan Bori</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff11">Cardiff School of History, Ancient History, Archaeology and Religion,<institution>Cardiff University</institution>, Cardiff CF10 3EU,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carandente, Antonio" sort="Carandente, Antonio" uniqKey="Carandente A" first="Antonio" last="Carandente">Antonio Carandente</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff9"><institution>Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Napoli</institution>, Osservatorio Vesuviano, 80124 Naples,<country>Italy</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Civetta, Lucia" sort="Civetta, Lucia" uniqKey="Civetta L" first="Lucia" last="Civetta">Lucia Civetta</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff12">Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche,<institution>Università Federico II</institution>, 80126 Naples,<country>Italy</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ferrier, Catherine" sort="Ferrier, Catherine" uniqKey="Ferrier C" first="Catherine" last="Ferrier">Catherine Ferrier</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff13">De la Préhistoire à l’Actuel: Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie, Préhistoire, Palèoenvironnement, Patrimonie, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5199 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique,<institution>Université Bordeaux 1</institution>, 33405 Talence Cedex,<country>France</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guadelli, Jean Luc" sort="Guadelli, Jean Luc" uniqKey="Guadelli J" first="Jean-Luc" last="Guadelli">Jean-Luc Guadelli</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff13">De la Préhistoire à l’Actuel: Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie, Préhistoire, Palèoenvironnement, Patrimonie, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5199 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique,<institution>Université Bordeaux 1</institution>, 33405 Talence Cedex,<country>France</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Karkanas, Panagiotis" sort="Karkanas, Panagiotis" uniqKey="Karkanas P" first="Panagiotis" last="Karkanas">Panagiotis Karkanas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff14"><institution>Ephoreia of Palaeoanthropology–Speleology of Southern Greece</institution>, 116 36 Athens,<country>Greece</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koumouzelis, Margarita" sort="Koumouzelis, Margarita" uniqKey="Koumouzelis M" first="Margarita" last="Koumouzelis">Margarita Koumouzelis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff14"><institution>Ephoreia of Palaeoanthropology–Speleology of Southern Greece</institution>, 116 36 Athens,<country>Greece</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Grèce</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muller, Ulrich C" sort="Muller, Ulrich C" uniqKey="Muller U" first="Ulrich C." last="Müller">Ulrich C. Müller</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff15">Institute of Geosciences,<institution>Goethe University Frankfurt</institution>, 60438 Frankfurt am Main,<country>Germany</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Orsi, Giovanni" sort="Orsi, Giovanni" uniqKey="Orsi G" first="Giovanni" last="Orsi">Giovanni Orsi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff9"><institution>Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Napoli</institution>, Osservatorio Vesuviano, 80124 Naples,<country>Italy</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pross, Jorg" sort="Pross, Jorg" uniqKey="Pross J" first="Jörg" last="Pross">Jörg Pross</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff15">Institute of Geosciences,<institution>Goethe University Frankfurt</institution>, 60438 Frankfurt am Main,<country>Germany</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rosi, Mauro" sort="Rosi, Mauro" uniqKey="Rosi M" first="Mauro" last="Rosi">Mauro Rosi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff16">Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra,<institution>Università di Pisa</institution>, 56126 Pisa,<country>Italy</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shalamanov Korobar, Ljiljiana" sort="Shalamanov Korobar, Ljiljiana" uniqKey="Shalamanov Korobar L" first="Ljiljiana" last="Shalamanov-Korobar">Ljiljiana Shalamanov-Korobar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff17"><institution>National Institution Museum of Macedonia</institution>, Skopje,<country>Republic of Macedonia</country>;</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="nlm country">Republic of Macedonia</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sirakov, Nikolay" sort="Sirakov, Nikolay" uniqKey="Sirakov N" first="Nikolay" last="Sirakov">Nikolay Sirakov</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff18"><institution>National Institute of Archaeology and Museum of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences</institution>, Prehistory, Sofia 1000,<country>Bulgaria</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Bulgarie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tzedakis, Polychronis C" sort="Tzedakis, Polychronis C" uniqKey="Tzedakis P" first="Polychronis C." last="Tzedakis">Polychronis C. Tzedakis</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff19">Department of Geography,<institution>University College London</institution>, London WC1E 6BT,<country>United Kingdom</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</title><idno type="ISSN">0027-8424</idno><idno type="eISSN">1091-6490</idno><imprint><date when="2012">2012</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Marked changes in human dispersal and development during the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition have been attributed to massive volcanic eruption and/or severe climatic deterioration. We test this concept using records of volcanic ash layers of the Campanian Ignimbrite eruption dated to <italic>ca.</italic> 40,000 y ago (40 ka B.P.). The distribution of the Campanian Ignimbrite has been enhanced by the discovery of cryptotephra deposits (volcanic ash layers that are not visible to the naked eye) in archaeological cave sequences. They enable us to synchronize archaeological and paleoclimatic records through the period of transition from Neanderthal to the earliest anatomically modern human populations in Europe. Our results confirm that the combined effects of a major volcanic eruption and severe climatic cooling failed to have lasting impacts on Neanderthals or early modern humans in Europe. We infer that modern humans proved a greater competitive threat to indigenous populations than natural disasters.</p></div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li><li>Australie</li><li>Bulgarie</li><li>France</li><li>Grèce</li><li>Italie</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li></country></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Shalamanov Korobar, Ljiljiana" sort="Shalamanov Korobar, Ljiljiana" uniqKey="Shalamanov Korobar L" first="Ljiljiana" last="Shalamanov-Korobar">Ljiljiana Shalamanov-Korobar</name></noCountry><country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Lowe, John" sort="Lowe, John" uniqKey="Lowe J" first="John" last="Lowe">John Lowe</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Albert, Paul" sort="Albert, Paul" uniqKey="Albert P" first="Paul" last="Albert">Paul Albert</name><name sortKey="Barker, Graeme" sort="Barker, Graeme" uniqKey="Barker G" first="Graeme" last="Barker">Graeme Barker</name><name sortKey="Barton, Nick" sort="Barton, Nick" uniqKey="Barton N" first="Nick" last="Barton">Nick Barton</name><name sortKey="Blockley, Simon" sort="Blockley, Simon" uniqKey="Blockley S" first="Simon" last="Blockley">Simon Blockley</name><name sortKey="Bori, Dusan" sort="Bori, Dusan" uniqKey="Bori D" first="Dušan" last="Bori">Dušan Bori</name><name sortKey="Cullen, Victoria L" sort="Cullen, Victoria L" uniqKey="Cullen V" first="Victoria L." last="Cullen">Victoria L. Cullen</name><name sortKey="Davies, William" sort="Davies, William" uniqKey="Davies W" first="William" last="Davies">William Davies</name><name sortKey="Gamble, Clive" sort="Gamble, Clive" uniqKey="Gamble C" first="Clive" last="Gamble">Clive Gamble</name><name sortKey="Grant, Katharine" sort="Grant, Katharine" uniqKey="Grant K" first="Katharine" last="Grant">Katharine Grant</name><name sortKey="Hardiman, Mark" sort="Hardiman, Mark" uniqKey="Hardiman M" first="Mark" last="Hardiman">Mark Hardiman</name><name sortKey="Housley, Rupert" sort="Housley, Rupert" uniqKey="Housley R" first="Rupert" last="Housley">Rupert Housley</name><name sortKey="Lane, Christine S" sort="Lane, Christine S" uniqKey="Lane C" first="Christine S." last="Lane">Christine S. Lane</name><name sortKey="Lee, Sharen" sort="Lee, Sharen" uniqKey="Lee S" first="Sharen" last="Lee">Sharen Lee</name><name sortKey="Lewis, Mark" sort="Lewis, Mark" uniqKey="Lewis M" first="Mark" last="Lewis">Mark Lewis</name><name sortKey="Macleod, Alison" sort="Macleod, Alison" uniqKey="Macleod A" first="Alison" last="Macleod">Alison Macleod</name><name sortKey="Menzies, Martin" sort="Menzies, Martin" uniqKey="Menzies M" first="Martin" last="Menzies">Martin Menzies</name><name sortKey="Muller, Wolfgang" sort="Muller, Wolfgang" uniqKey="Muller W" first="Wolfgang" last="Müller">Wolfgang Müller</name><name sortKey="Pollard, Mark" sort="Pollard, Mark" uniqKey="Pollard M" first="Mark" last="Pollard">Mark Pollard</name><name sortKey="Price, Catherine" sort="Price, Catherine" uniqKey="Price C" first="Catherine" last="Price">Catherine Price</name><name sortKey="Ramsey, Christopher Bronk" sort="Ramsey, Christopher Bronk" uniqKey="Ramsey C" first="Christopher Bronk" last="Ramsey">Christopher Bronk Ramsey</name><name sortKey="Rohling, Eelco J" sort="Rohling, Eelco J" uniqKey="Rohling E" first="Eelco J." last="Rohling">Eelco J. Rohling</name><name sortKey="Satow, Chris" sort="Satow, Chris" uniqKey="Satow C" first="Chris" last="Satow">Chris Satow</name><name sortKey="Smith, Victoria C" sort="Smith, Victoria C" uniqKey="Smith V" first="Victoria C." last="Smith">Victoria C. Smith</name><name sortKey="Stringer, Chris B" sort="Stringer, Chris B" uniqKey="Stringer C" first="Chris B." last="Stringer">Chris B. Stringer</name><name sortKey="Tomlinson, Emma L" sort="Tomlinson, Emma L" uniqKey="Tomlinson E" first="Emma L." last="Tomlinson">Emma L. Tomlinson</name><name sortKey="Tzedakis, Polychronis C" sort="Tzedakis, Polychronis C" uniqKey="Tzedakis P" first="Polychronis C." last="Tzedakis">Polychronis C. Tzedakis</name><name sortKey="White, Dustin" sort="White, Dustin" uniqKey="White D" first="Dustin" last="White">Dustin White</name><name sortKey="White, Dustin" sort="White, Dustin" uniqKey="White D" first="Dustin" last="White">Dustin White</name></country><country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Roberts, Andrew P" sort="Roberts, Andrew P" uniqKey="Roberts A" first="Andrew P." last="Roberts">Andrew P. Roberts</name></noRegion></country><country name="Italie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Arienzo, Ilenia" sort="Arienzo, Ilenia" uniqKey="Arienzo I" first="Ilenia" last="Arienzo">Ilenia Arienzo</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Carandente, Antonio" sort="Carandente, Antonio" uniqKey="Carandente A" first="Antonio" last="Carandente">Antonio Carandente</name><name sortKey="Civetta, Lucia" sort="Civetta, Lucia" uniqKey="Civetta L" first="Lucia" last="Civetta">Lucia Civetta</name><name sortKey="Orsi, Giovanni" sort="Orsi, Giovanni" uniqKey="Orsi G" first="Giovanni" last="Orsi">Giovanni Orsi</name><name sortKey="Rosi, Mauro" sort="Rosi, Mauro" uniqKey="Rosi M" first="Mauro" last="Rosi">Mauro Rosi</name></country><country name="France"><noRegion><name sortKey="Ferrier, Catherine" sort="Ferrier, Catherine" uniqKey="Ferrier C" first="Catherine" last="Ferrier">Catherine Ferrier</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Guadelli, Jean Luc" sort="Guadelli, Jean Luc" uniqKey="Guadelli J" first="Jean-Luc" last="Guadelli">Jean-Luc Guadelli</name></country><country name="Grèce"><noRegion><name sortKey="Karkanas, Panagiotis" sort="Karkanas, Panagiotis" uniqKey="Karkanas P" first="Panagiotis" last="Karkanas">Panagiotis Karkanas</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Koumouzelis, Margarita" sort="Koumouzelis, Margarita" uniqKey="Koumouzelis M" first="Margarita" last="Koumouzelis">Margarita Koumouzelis</name></country><country name="Allemagne"><noRegion><name sortKey="Muller, Ulrich C" sort="Muller, Ulrich C" uniqKey="Muller U" first="Ulrich C." last="Müller">Ulrich C. Müller</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Pross, Jorg" sort="Pross, Jorg" uniqKey="Pross J" first="Jörg" last="Pross">Jörg Pross</name></country><country name="Bulgarie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Sirakov, Nikolay" sort="Sirakov, Nikolay" uniqKey="Sirakov N" first="Nikolay" last="Sirakov">Nikolay Sirakov</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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